Book Review: The White Man of God by Kenjo Jumbam

By Annie Gagiano

The Cameroonian novelist Kenjo Jumbam is not as well known as his work merits — in particular, his wry account of the cultural-religious clash in the mind of a young boy, Tansa , set in the vicinity of Bamenda in the Cameroon: the novel called The White Man of God (1980).

The work has a comic flavour and is narrated with disarming candour, although it is not, finally, funny — many incidents have biting satirical undertones or leave a feeling of desolate sadness.

The novel describes the family and village life of a group of Lamuso-speaking people, a community in which Christianity (brought by European missionaries) has been accepted by a substantial number of villagers, while the ancient traditions of their people are maintained by many others, in its own hierarchy. Because the indigenous culture is so vital and socially cohesive here, Christianity can only make inroads by discrediting it.

For most of the novel, we see how the representatives of Christianity, both inside Tansa’s family and in the mission hierarchy, wage a relentless battle against the enduring appeal of the inherited, established customs and ways. The struggle is an uneven one because the local culture is essentially tolerant.

It is an old story in Africa, told here with fresh insight and startling particularity. Although Tansa, whose parents are fiercely Christian, is the main narrator and witness, another character (his maternal grandmother) looms so large in his consciousness (and his narrative) that she becomes, in effect, another protagonist. Yaya (as she is called) cannot comprehend the attraction of the new faith. She says to her daughter, Tansa’s mother: “You follow this new way of the white man. He leads you to beg God through his own ancestors ... What is wrong with your own ancestors? Are you told that they do not see God in the world beyond?” (32).

Far more serious than this accusation of cultural apostasy, however, is Yaya’s recognition of the difference between the humaneness of the indigenous traditions and the harshness of Christianity preached by “Fadda”, (i.e. father, the highest ranking local missionary). Like most of his associates, he likes texts such as “but whoever refuses to believe is condemned already” (84). Yaya calls it a “snare” and says: “your new religion has impossible laws and its God is cruel. It is only the God of the white man who puts a man in hell-fire and lets him burn there like wood ...for ever and ever while God never lifts up an eye of mercy to him. What cruelty to imagine of a God!” (33)

By contrast, the local culture, without condoning it, can address and resolve even an instance of sibling incest, wisely and humanely. Jumbam does nevertheless show us another compassionate and open-minded representative of Christianity, the young priest father Cosmas who, from the moment of his arrival, demonstrates his ability to respect and accept all the Africans among whom he works — for social upliftment as much as for Christian instruction. He dies, tragically young, from an illness contracted during his selfless and exhausting efforts to combat the spread of an epidemic among the local people.

A key incident in the novel shows the unmasking, by the relentlessly zealous “Big Fadda”, of a figure described as “the biggest juju in the land” (143), the “Shigwala” (142). With typical crudity, the missionary kicks the masked figure — only to find that it is his own leading convert, who before his arrival had preached that, because “the black man” was so “bad”, “the Son of God ... sent the white man to teach us the way to heaven” (44). The shock of the exposure causes “Big Fadda” himself to collapse “on the spot” (144) .

The novel ends inconclusively. The emotional pressure from her family had caused Yaya, Tansa’s elderly, benign grandmother, to accept a deathbed conversion to Christianity. Yet the last thoughts of an adolescent Tansa echo Yaya’s perplexity concerning the lack of forgiveness of a supposedly parental God-figure:“ And yet, when the soul parts from the body, and the earth welcomes the body, God casts the soul into eternal flames! God!” (151).

Originally published on the LitNet website

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[Bongnkar N Jumbam]

Uncle, i can imagine how you felt when you were called only to be told that another arm had been broken form your body.Kenjo-wan jumbam was and is still a father to all of us.His HUMILITY is what has taught the thousands who have known him, what life means.SOMANY HAVE LEARNED FROM HIM AND MANY WILL STILL BE LREANING FROM HIS WORKS..HAVE COURAGE

[Ngusum Akofu]

Being an avid reader, I first read this book, believe it or not at the tender age of 10. My younger brother( 8 years of age at the time)and I would sit down everyday after dinner and read it for hours untill after a few daunting weeks, we completed the novel.

I found the novel really intruiging as could relate in many ways to the narratives as presented by Mr Jumbam. At the time, my family lived in Ndu, part of the Wimbum clan which is very much culturally similar to the Banso due to thier proximity. Also, we were raised Catholic and just like young Tansa, I was a catechument at the time and was also perplexed by the complex and simingly contraictory nature of God as taught by my faith.

To this day, I think Mr Jumbam's work is an amazing piece of literature and deeply explores the clash of cultures which affected not only the grassfield peoples of Cameroon during the colonial era, but always has and continues to play an important role in our interractions with our felow human beings.

[lydiane]

papa ,kenjo i am a francophone but i will try to say something may your soul rest in peace. thanks for the white man of god i like it very much ! narrative technique use in this novel is relevant for the understanding of the book

[ClubPenguin]

Thank you! Being an avid reader, I first read this book, believe it or not at the tender age of 10.

[Nsah Kenneth Toah (Nsah Mala) author of many unpublished plays]

The White Man of God continues to keep Baa Jumbam alive! in the post-colonial literary perspective, this novel is typical example of a work that seeks to redefine and valorise the cultures of the "Others" and to provincialise Europe and all her ways as a collectivity.

[SAMUEL DEKARKEH]

The novel "White Man of God" is one of the most important work in African literature for me, compare only to Chinua Achebe's "Things Fall Apart". This work explores the religious and cultural confusion that many Africans are faced with even in this post-colonial era. Do we accept and follow the cultural and religious heritage of our forefathers or do we abandon it and follow those of the white man?
This book affects me personally because when my father,an established polygamist with three wives, accepted Christianity he was forced to abandon my mother and another wife. But, although he abandoned her (us) publicly to please the people of his new faith, he always came to see us (her) privately behind the white men. I am angry with my father for abandoning my mother for some kind of faith and with my mother for accepting him whenever he comes to her secretly.
The most emotional, yet immensely entertaining point of the story is the unmasking of Shigwala and " Big Fadda" big surprise. I think Joshua,the leading convert and secret Shigwala, my father, and most African men are coward for trying to please the white man publicly while still holding on to their African traditions, thus putting the lives of future generation in serious conflicts.

[Prof. Dr. Charles Ngiewih Teke]

The Whiteman of God is a seminal novel in the African literary landscape. When one reads this complex novel and appropriates it with the criticism of leading African and postcolonial intellectuals such as Chinua Achebe,Ngugi wa Thiongo'o, Abiola Irele, Paulin Hountondji, Kwame Gyekye, B. A. Ogot, Gayatri Spivak, Edward Said and Homi Bhabha,its aesthetic and ideological fertility is undoubtedly immense. It superbly addresses an enigmatic question; cultural encounters which in a so called era of globalisation and cultural intelligence, is still to find satisfactory answers. The novel is at the same time a prototype of the African experience particularly south of the Sahara, and a subtle expression of what it means to be colonised and subjectified. It deserves more continental and international attention.

[fekemeThis novel is a hight of honesty that faces the Africans. When I read this book in secondary school, I read to pass exams, but now I see the true meaning of it]

This novel is a hight of honesty that faces the Africans. When I read this book in secondary school, I read to pass exams, but now I see the true meaning of it

[Mouzong kibassa]

please, i need informations in the biography of Kendjo Jumbam, and a brief resume of the characters of the novel

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